Aerospace wiring harnesses, as the "neural network" of aircraft, are deeply hidden but undertake the crucial mission of transmitting power and signals, and are an important guarantee for the normal operation of aerospace equipment.

I. Key Mission: Diverse Applications of Wiring Harnesses

In the aerospace field, wiring harnesses are responsible for the power transmission of core systems. Aircraft power distribution systems, such as urban power grids, precisely distribute electrical energy to subsystems like engines, avionics, and flight control systems through wiring harnesses, maintaining the stable operation of the electrical system. Spacecraft rely on wiring harnesses to efficiently transmit the electrical energy from solar panels and batteries to life support systems and scientific experimental equipment, meeting the requirements for long-term stays.

The wiring harness is also the "information superhighway" of the aircraft. Modern avionics rely on wiring harnesses to exchange information among sensors, controllers and actuators in real time, ensuring navigation, communication and monitoring functions. Satellites transmit Earth observation data and communication signals through wire harnesses. The cockpit of an aircraft receives instrument signals through wiring harnesses to ensure flight safety.

In addition, wiring harnesses are indispensable in special scenarios. The lighting system relies on the wiring harness to illuminate the indicator lights and the equipment inside the cabin. The thermal control system connects the heating and cooling devices through wiring harnesses to cope with extreme temperatures. Environmental sensors transmit air pressure, humidity and radiation data through wiring harnesses, providing a basis for safe flight.

II. Stringent Tests: Technical Challenges and Responses

Aerospace wiring harnesses need to adapt to extreme environments. The low temperature at high altitudes, the high temperature upon re-entry into the atmosphere, the near-vacuum pressure and cosmic radiation all pose severe challenges. The wiring harness is made of high-temperature resistant insulating materials such as polyimide and fluoroplastics to ensure stable operation in an environment above 200℃. Low-temperature resistant rubber and fluoropolymers ensure that the wiring harness maintains flexibility in extremely cold environments. Anti-radiation materials and metal braided layers effectively prevent damage from high-energy particles.

The balance between lightweight and high strength is of vital importance. The wiring harness uses aluminum alloy wires instead of copper wires, reducing the weight by approximately two-thirds. Aramid fibers and carbon fibers and other composite materials can reduce weight while enhancing mechanical strength. In terms of structural design, by optimizing the wiring scheme and adopting high-density connectors, the length and volume of the wire harness are reduced, and the mechanical stability is enhanced through the design of reinforcing ribs.

Outstanding anti-interference ability is the guarantee of security. The wire harness uses metal braided mesh and metal foil to shield electromagnetic interference. The twisted-pair and coaxial cable structure reduces signal distortion. Filtering technology and grounding design further ensure the purity of the signal. Reasonable wiring to avoid proximity to strong interference sources ensures the accuracy of data transmission.

III. Common Types: Wiring harness options to Meet Diverse Needs

Special wiring harnesses made of high-performance materials are suitable for extreme environments. Tin-plated copper core perfluoroethylene-propylene copolymer insulated wires and cables are resistant to high temperatures and corrosion, and are widely used in areas near engines. The aerospace radiation-resistant low-temperature flexible conductor is insulated with composite film and woven with synthetic fibers, maintaining flexibility and electrical performance even in a radiation environment at -196℃.

In terms of structural form, circular wiring harnesses are suitable for scenarios with compact space and the need for anti-interference, such as avionics equipment cabins. Flat wire harnesses meet the high spatial layout requirements of satellites and other equipment, are easy to install and maintain, and can reduce signal interference.

IV. Market Insights: Industry Status and Future

The global aerospace wiring harness market continues to grow. The sales of aerospace wiring harnesses reached 365 million US dollars in 2024 and are expected to increase to 465 million US dollars by 2031, with a compound annual growth rate of 3.5%. The growth momentum comes from the recovery of the aviation transportation industry, the increase in commercial aircraft orders and the frequent space exploration activities. New aircraft models such as the Boeing 787 have a high demand for wiring harnesses. The construction of small satellite constellations such as SpaceX's Starlink program has further promoted market expansion.

North America and Europe are traditional consumer markets, while the Asia-Pacific region has huge growth potential. The mass production of China's C919 passenger aircraft and the advancement of its space missions have driven the rapid development of the domestic wiring harness market.

The market competition is fierce. International enterprises such as TE Connectivity and Safran dominate with their technological strength and customer resources. Domestic enterprises such as AVIC Optoelectronics and Aerospace Electrical Appliances have gradually expanded their market share through technological innovation.

In the future, wire harness technology will develop towards high performance, lightweight, integration and intelligence. New materials such as ceramic matrix composites and carbon nanotubes will enhance the performance of wire harnesses. Integrated and modular design simplifies installation and maintenance. Automation and 3D printing technologies enhance production efficiency and quality consistency.

As the "neural network" of aerospace equipment, although the wiring harness is hidden behind the scenes, it is the cornerstone of flight safety and mission success. With the advancement of technology and the deepening of industrial cooperation, aerospace wiring harnesses will continue to illuminate the path for humanity's exploration of the universe.

If you have the need to buy bulk fuel aerospace wiring harnesses, you can try to contact us Aichie Tech Electronics Co., LTD., we have undertaken the production of various types of aerospace wiring harnesses, the price is favorable and the delivery time is short;

AICHIE Tech Electronics Co.,Ltd

Email: sales03@aichie.com

Mobile/Whatsapp/WeChat: (86)18027502150

The power source of a battery electric vehicle (BEV) is the high-voltage traction battery, and the electrical energy transmission throughout the vehicle is composed of power connection devices, cables, etc. BEVs contain high-voltage systems such as the main drive motor, braking, steering, electric heating, and air conditioning. For DC electrical equipment, the high-voltage energy transmission circuit primarily consists of cables, connectors, copper busbars, contactors, capacitors, etc. For AC electrical equipment, an IGBT module is added to the high-voltage circuit to convert DC high-voltage electrical energy into AC high-voltage electrical energy.

Composition of the Vehicle High-Voltage Circuit

With the vigorous development of new energy vehicles, purely electric-driven vehicles are rapidly capturing an increasing market share. The energy transmission in BEVs is fundamentally different from that in traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. Based on the composition of the vehicle's high-voltage connection devices, a simplified schematic diagram of the vehicle's high-voltage circuit is as follows:

To ensure high-voltage power transmission, convenient plugging/unplugging, and precise control in BEVs, products such as high-voltage cables, quick-connect connectors, and high-voltage contactors are widely used in the electric vehicle industry.

High-Voltage Circuit Components

High-Voltage Cables

High-voltage cables are primarily responsible for transmitting electrical energy between electrical components. Currently, automotive high-voltage cables mainly comply with the QC/T 1037 standard. A diagram of a single-core shielded cable is as follows:

By Voltage Rating: Mainly AC 600V/DC 900V and AC 1000V/DC 1500V specifications. For the same specification, a higher voltage rating generally corresponds to a larger cable outer diameter.

By Shielding: Mainly shielded and unshielded cables. Shielded cables can improve the vehicle's EMC performance.

By Application Specification: Mainly single-core and multi-core cables. Single-core cables are primarily used for high-current transmission in main circuits, while multi-core cables are often used for current transmission to auxiliary components.

By Cable Material: Mainly cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables and silicone rubber cables, etc. XLPE cables are relatively harder compared to silicone rubber cables. Silicone rubber cables have a smaller bending radius, making them suitable for cable routing in compact spaces.

Classifications based on temperature and current-carrying capacity are more detailed. Current cable application primarily involves selection and design based on voltage rating, current-carrying capacity, operating temperature, connector model, and installation space. There are numerous high-voltage wiring harness manufacturers, such as Xin Hong Ye and Hong Ji Huan Dian.

High-Voltage Connectors

These are mainly responsible for connecting electrical components to cables, and are also used in some cases for connecting cables to each other.

Connectors can be categorized by usage into quick-connect connectors and standard connectors. Standard connectors mainly use copper terminals with bolt connections and have lower costs. Quick-connect connectors are widely used due to their convenience and ease of plugging/unplugging for maintenance.

Most high-voltage connectors have an Ingress Protection (IP) rating of IP67 or higher, meeting the installation requirements for various locations.

High-voltage connector materials are mainly metal and plastic. Most connectors support internal connection of the shielding layer and feature a High Voltage Interlock Loop (HVIL) function, meeting the requirements for high-voltage cable grounding and insertion detection. There are many connector manufacturers in the industry, such as TE Connectivity, Amphenol, AVIC Jonhon, Recodeal, and Yonggui.

Busbars

Busbars are primarily used inside components like the battery and its management system, motor controller, and auxiliary drive controller. Due to the regular internal layout of these components, convenient installation and fixation, and less stringent protection requirements, high-voltage current inside electrical components is mainly connected via busbars.

They can be distinguished by material into copper busbars and aluminum busbars, etc. Their bending characteristics and hardness vary depending on the material, allowing for custom design based on specific application scenarios.

Contactors

Contactors are primarily responsible for switching the vehicle's high-voltage circuit ON/OFF. Their working principle is similar to low-voltage relays: a low-voltage current controls the contactor coil to generate a magnetic field, which closes the two high-voltage contacts, thereby energizing the vehicle's high-voltage circuit. Since high-voltage contactors switch the high-voltage circuit, issues like arcing and contact welding may occur during operation. Therefore, high-voltage contactors have strict requirements regarding contact material, actuation time, working medium, operational temperature rise, etc. Product varieties are also diverse.

Current industry manufacturers of high-voltage contactors include: TE Connectivity, Siemens, LG, SCII, Hongfa, and Guoli.

Fuses

Categorized primarily by placement into quick-disconnect fuses and standard high-voltage fuses. The quick-disconnect fuse, also called a Manual Service Disconnect (MSD), is mainly installed outside the battery pack or Battery Management System enclosure, serving both circuit protection and power disconnect functions for maintenance.

Standard high-voltage fuses are mainly installed inside enclosures like the motor controller, responsible for high-voltage circuit protection functions. Current industry manufacturers of high-voltage fuses include: Chint, Delphi, Zhongrong, and ETA.

Sensors 

Hall effect current sensors and shunts are used for current measurement in the high-voltage circuit. Shunts are widely used in the new energy vehicle industry due to their high measurement accuracy and small errors.

Capacitors / Diodes / Resistors 

Combinations of capacitors, resistors, etc., form buffer/snubber circuits within the vehicle's high-voltage circuit, used for power-up buffering and power-down self-discharging in controllers.

Conclusion

Based on the development trends in the new energy industry, future new energy vehicle models driven by electric power will occupy a major share of the automotive market. As the market continuously pursues higher safety and intelligent control of vehicle high-voltage circuits, the composition of electrical connections will become more diversified, and product performance will continue to improve accordingly.

Aichie Tech is a professional provider of connectivity solutions, focusing on the design and manufacturing of high-quality connectors, wires, and cable assemblies. It creates value for customers through technological innovation and exceptional quality, driving industry advancement.

Email: sales03@aichie.com

Tel/Whatsapp/WeChat: +86 18027502150

Contact: Aichie Team

Wiring harnesses, as the "neural network" of electrical equipment, undertake the crucial task of connecting the "brain" (controller) with the "limbs" (sensors, actuators) and transmitting power and signals. Its reliability directly determines the success or failure of the entire system's operation.

In the three distinct application fields of automobiles, home appliances and industry, what challenges do wiring harnesses respectively face? And what unique "survival strategies" have they evolved respectively?

I. Automotive Wiring Harnesses: The "Special Forces" for All-weather Operations

The working environment of automotive wiring harnesses can be described as an "extreme challenge". It is like a special forces soldier deep behind enemy lines, which must always remain stable and reliable in the face of "dire straits" and high-frequency vibrations.

1. Core challenge: Adaptability to extreme environments

Wide temperature range tolerance (-40℃ to 150℃, with local higher temperatures):

The area in the engine compartment close to the turbine or exhaust system can easily exceed 150℃ in temperature. In extremely cold regions, the ambient temperature drops to tens of degrees below zero. Therefore, the insulation material of the wire harness must have excellent temperature resistance. Special materials such as cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) and silicone rubber are often used. The commonly used PVC material in ordinary household appliances will age and crack rapidly in this environment.

Resistant to vibration and shock: The vehicle continuously generates multi-frequency vibrations during operation. To prevent terminal loosening or wire fatigue fracture, automotive wiring harnesses strictly adhere to standards in crimping processes, connector locking structures, and fixing methods. Every snap and fixing point must pass precise vibration tests.

Waterproof, dustproof and chemically resistant: Cars need to cope with rain, snow, sand, high-pressure water gun washing, and even the erosion of chemicals such as engine oil and brake fluid. Therefore, the wiring harness connectors in the engine compartment and chassis area usually need to reach high protection levels such as IP67 or IP6K9K, which relies on complex sealing rings, silicone plugs and potting processes behind the scenes.

2. Key requirements: Safety and signal integrity

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC): With the popularization of intelligent driving (ADAS) and electric vehicles (EVs), high-voltage systems, high-frequency radars and communication signals coexist inside the vehicle. To prevent interference, critical data lines widely adopt twisted-pair structure, and sensitive lines are equipped with shielding layers. High-speed buses such as automotive Ethernet have requirements for impedance control and shielding performance that have approached the level of communication equipment.

Lightweight design: Under the trend of overall vehicle weight reduction, wiring harnesses also need to be "slimmed down". Engineers strive to reduce every gram of weight while ensuring performance by using thinner wires (such as 0.13mm²), highly conductive alloy materials, and even "replacing copper with aluminum".

Behind the high cost: The high cost of automotive wiring harnesses stems from systematic investment in special materials, precise design, complex processes and rigorous testing. It is not merely a "wire bundle", but a highly engineered safety component, whose value lies in ensuring reliable operation and life safety in extreme environments.

II. Home Appliance Wiring Harnesses: The Thrifty "Urban White-collar"

Compared with the "field operations" of automotive wiring harnesses, home appliance wiring harnesses are in a "greenhouse" environment. It is like a white-collar worker in an office building. Although it is not exposed to wind and rain, it must strictly abide by the norms and strike a precise balance between cost and safety.

1. Core challenge: The ultimate balance between cost and safety

Cost control: The competition in the home appliance market is fierce, and cost is of vital importance. Therefore, the design of home appliance wiring harnesses strives for simplification, mostly using high cost-performance materials (such as PVC), and relying on highly automated production to reduce manufacturing costs.

Safety regulations (Safety rules): Safety is an unbreachable red line. Household appliance wiring harnesses are directly connected to the 220V mains power supply and come into close contact with users. They must pass the mandatory certifications of various countries (such as CCC, UL, CE, etc.) to ensure that their insulation performance, flame retardant grade (such as VW-1) and withstand voltage capacity meet the standards.

2. Key requirements: Standardization and easy assembly

High cost-performance design: Under the premise of meeting safety and functionality requirements, we pursue the ultimate cost performance. For instance, internal connections mostly employ pin-type connectors rather than complex sealing structures of automotive grade.

Suitable for large-scale production: To keep pace with the assembly line rhythm, the design of home appliance wiring harnesses is highly standardized and modularized. The interfaces often adopt a "fool-proof design" (Poka-yoke), which facilitates rapid and accurate assembly.

The trend of intelligence: With the intelligence of household appliances, more low-voltage signal harnesses have been added inside, but their design still prioritizes cost and basic performance.

The core value of home appliance wiring harnesses lies in meeting the demands of large-scale production at the lowest cost and providing reliable and legally compliant guarantees for users' home safety.

III. Industrial Wiring Harnesses: The "Precision Artisan" Striving for Excellence

Industrial wiring harnesses are the "major arteries" connecting large machinery, automated equipment and robots. Although it does not face drastic environmental changes, it has an extreme pursuit of long-term stability and anti-interference ability, just like a composed and reliable craftsman, dedicated to decades of "zero-error" operation.

1. Core challenge: Stability trumps everything

Ultra-long service life and high strength durability: Industrial equipment often needs to operate continuously for 7×24 hours for many years. Any wiring harness failure may lead to the entire production line being shut down, causing huge losses. Therefore, industrial wiring harnesses have extremely high requirements in terms of wear resistance, oil resistance, chemical corrosion resistance and torsion resistance (such as in robot arms), and high-performance polymers such as PUR (polyurethane) are often used for the sheath materials to cope with millions of repeated bends in the drag chain system.

Strong anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI) capability: The factory environment is filled with strong interference sources such as high-power motors and frequency converters. To ensure the purity of control signals, industrial wiring harnesses often adopt a double-layer shielding of copper foil and braided mesh, and strictly physically isolate power lines from signal lines.

2. Key requirements: Customization and signal integrity

Highly customized design: Almost all industrial systems are non-standard designs. The wiring harnesses need to be customized one-to-one according to the equipment layout, signal type (such as EtherCAT, servo encoder signals) and environmental requirements.

Signal integrity guarantee: For high-speed applications such as machine vision and precision servo control, the attenuation, delay and distortion of signals must be precisely controlled, which relies on the precise design and manufacture of high-frequency parameters such as cable impedance and capacitance.

Industrial wiring harnesses spare no expense in pursuit of ultimate stability and signal fidelity for tens of thousands of hours of trouble-free operation in complex electromagnetic environments. Their value lies in providing rock-solid connection guarantees for expensive industrial assets.

Summary

1. Automotive wiring harnesses are "all-weather survival experts" in dealing with extreme physical and electromagnetic environments.
2. Home appliance wiring harnesses are the "economical and practical home" that precisely strikes a balance between cost and safety red lines.
3. Industrial wiring harnesses are the "technical maniacs" born to ensure long-term precise and zero-fault operation.

In today's strategic high ground of global manufacturing, industrial automation has evolved from an optional choice to a mandatory question concerning a company's core competitiveness. In this profound industrial transformation, wire harnesses, as the lifeline connecting intelligent devices and transmitting data and power, are undeniably crucial. As a professional wire harness manufacturer, Aichie deals with this core element daily. We deeply understand that the foundation of the outstanding performance of every efficiently operating automated device and every precisely operating industrial robot lies in a reliable and efficient "neural network"—customized wire harnesses.

I. Development Background and Core Needs of Industrial Automation

In recent years, the industrial automation market has shown significant growth. This trend stems from the manufacturing industry's urgent need for extremely high productivity, near-uninterrupted operating time, and rapidly expanding operational capabilities. Companies are no longer satisfied with simple mechanization but pursue achieving these goals in an "intelligent" form. This means that equipment needs to be able to sense, communicate, make decisions, and work collaboratively.

Against this backdrop, unprecedented demands are placed on the wiring harnesses that form the "blood vessels and nerves" of these devices: extremely high reliability, superior signal integrity, excellent anti-interference capabilities, and durability to withstand complex and harsh industrial environments. This is precisely the area that Aichie Tech focuses on. Our custom-designed wiring harnesses for automated equipment are the physical foundation for ensuring the efficient, stable, and long-term operation of the entire system.

II. Core Technological Support for Intelligent Industrial Automation

The core of intelligent automation is the free flow and intelligent processing of data. It highly relies on cloud connectivity, unrestricted data access, and remote management capabilities, and integrates IoT(Internet of Things) technologies such as robotics, sensors, and edge computing.

The interconnectivity of these technologies presents significant challenges to the wiring harnesses that connect them. For example, wiring harnesses transmitting weak sensor signals require shielding to prevent interference; high-speed data cables connecting servo drives need to ensure extremely low attenuation; and power wiring harnesses supplying power to the entire system must withstand frequent current surges and thermal loads. At Aichie, we deeply understand these technological principles. Our automation equipment wiring harnesses and robot wiring harnesses, from material selection and design to manufacturing processes, strictly adhere to these standards to ensure efficient and clean transmission of data and power, providing a robust connection guarantee for intelligent systems.

III. The Role and Application of Robots in Industrial Automation

Robots are the "star employees" of automated factories, significantly improving task accuracy, consistency, and safety, and effectively alleviating labor shortages. Modern robotic work cells not only optimize production processes but also support comprehensive error tracing and analysis.

Every flexible movement of a robot relies on a complex and precise internal wiring harness system—the robot wiring harness. These harnesses need to undergo millions of high-frequency bends with the joints, resisting continuous torsional stress and resisting corrosion from oil, metal debris, and other contaminants. Aichie's robot wiring harnesses utilize highly flexible cables, special insulation and sheathing materials, and professional stress-relieving designs to ensure stable operation throughout the robot's lifespan. Simultaneously, we fully understand the interface requirements of supporting technologies such as intelligent power management and servo drives, providing integrated wiring harness solutions to enhance the efficiency and reliability of the entire robot unit.

IV. The Value of Advanced Sensing Technology

If robots are the actuators, then the advanced sensors throughout the factory are the system's "senses." Through various sensing technologies such as vision, temperature, pressure, and position, they achieve real-time environmental monitoring and performance control. Safety sensing technology is crucial for ensuring the safety of human-machine collaboration.

The accuracy of sensor data directly determines the intelligence level of system decision-making. Inferior cables and connectors introduce noise, leading to data distortion. Aichie's wiring harnesses for sensing systems pay special attention to shielding and grounding design, ensuring the signal from the field to the controller remains "authentic." Our wiring harnesses are the first and crucial line of defense in building a reliable data perception layer.

V. Future Trends in Industrial Automation and the Evolution of Wiring Harnesses

The future landscape of industrial automation is already clear, which places higher demands on wiring harness technology:

* Edge Computing: Real-time data processing on the device side requires wiring harnesses to support higher data transmission rates and lower latency.

* Wireless Connectivity Upgrades: Although wireless technology is developing, wired connections remain the mainstream in scenarios with high reliability and real-time requirements, and seamless integration with wireless modules is necessary. **Safety Integration Automation:** The widespread adoption of functional safety standards requires wire harness designs to meet SIL or PL levels, employing dual-loop and redundant designs.

**High-Mixed, Small-Batch Manufacturing:** The increasing flexibility of production models demands that wire harness suppliers provide rapid and flexible customization services, which is precisely Aichie's core strength.

**Application of Digital Twin Technology:** Modeling and simulation in the virtual world require wire harnesses to possess characteristics that can be accurately modeled; our standardized designs and precise parameters make this possible.

Facing these trends, Aichie remains at the forefront of technology, and our wire harness products and solutions are continuously evolving towards greater intelligence, integration, and flexibility.

VI. Conclusion: Partnering with Aichie to Build an Automated Future

The grand blueprint of industrial automation requires close collaboration at every stage of the supply chain. As a professional wire harness manufacturer, Aichie Tech Electronics Co., Ltd. aspires to be your most reliable partner. We are not only a wire harness supplier but also a supporter and enabler of your technology implementation.

With deep technological expertise, a rigorous quality control system, and strong customized development capabilities, we can provide your automation equipment, robotic workstations, and even your entire smart factory with a wide range of high-performance, stable wire harness products.

Let's join hands to drive industrial automation towards a smarter, more agile, safer, and more efficient future!

Aichie Tech Electronics Co., Ltd

Email: Sales03@aichie.com

Tel/Whatsapp: +86 18027502150

In a world where technology and fashion are constantly evolving, the M01 Smart Glasses are setting a new standard for wearable devices. Combining high-quality audio with cutting-edge features, these smart glasses are designed to enhance your lifestyle while keeping you connected and comfortable.

The M01 Smart Glasses feature an innovative open-ear design, allowing you to enjoy music and take calls without blocking your ears. Using air conduction technology, they transmit sound through your cheekbones, ensuring you remain aware of your surroundings while enjoying crisp, clear audio. With Bluetooth calling and integrated noise reduction, the M01 makes hands-free communication a breeze.

These glasses are also equipped with an IP68 waterproof and dustproof rating, making them ideal for outdoor activities, rain or shine. Whether you’re running, hiking, or caught in the rain, the M01 Smart Glasses are built to withstand the elements, ensuring reliable performance all day long.

The M01 is also designed for ultimate comfort, with lightweight materials and an ergonomic fit. With up to 24 hours of battery life, they keep you connected and entertained from morning until night. Whether you’re navigating your day or enjoying your favorite music, the M01 Smart Glasses offer a seamless, stylish solution for all your needs.

Ready to embrace the future of audio and wearables? The M01 Smart Glasses offer a perfect blend of innovation, durability, and comfort—ideal for anyone looking to stay ahead of the curve.

CIQTEK, together with its Japanese distributor LASystems, participated in the 64th Annual Meeting of the Society of Electron Spin Science and Technology (SEST 2025), held from November 21 to 23, 2025, in Kiryu, Gunma Prefecture, Japan.

At the event, CIQTEK and LASystems presented CIQTEK’s comprehensive Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) product portfolio, including CW EPR, Benchtop EPR, and Pulse EPR systems. These instruments are widely recognized for their high sensitivity, excellent field stability, and user-oriented design. They support a broad range of applications in spin chemistry, materials research, catalysis, batteries, and biological radical studies.

During SEST 2025, many researchers visited the booth to learn about CIQTEK’s technical advantages, such as precise magnetic field control, stable microwave frequency performance, flexible variable-temperature configurations, and advanced pulse sequence capabilities. The event provided an opportunity for in-depth discussions on experimental workflows and potential collaborations.

CIQTEK has established a strong global presence in the EPR field. More than 200 EPR spectrometers have been delivered to research institutions across Asia, Europe, the Americas, etc. The instruments have supported the publication of over 170 scientific papers, including studies featured in Nature, Science, and other leading journals. This growing body of research demonstrates the reliability and scientific value of CIQTEK’s EPR technology.

CIQTEK will continue strengthening its partnership with LASystems to bring high-performance EPR solutions and localized support to researchers throughout Japan.

Aluminum alloys, prized for their exceptional strength-to-weight ratio, are ideal materials for automotive lightweighting. Resistance spot welding (RSW) remains the mainstream joining method for automotive body manufacturing. However, the high thermal and electrical conductivity of aluminum, combined with its surface oxide layer, requires welding currents far exceeding those used for steel. This accelerates copper electrode wear, leading to unstable weld quality, frequent electrode maintenance, and increased production costs. Extending electrode life while ensuring weld quality has become a critical technological bottleneck in the industry.

To address this challenge, Dr. Yang Shanglu's team at Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics conducted an in-depth study using the CIQTEK FESEM SEM5000. They innovatively designed a raised-ring electrode and systematically investigated the effect of ring number (0–4) on electrode morphology, revealing the intrinsic relationship between ring count, crystal defects in the weld nugget, and current distribution. Their results show that increasing the number of raised rings optimizes current distribution, improves thermal input efficiency, enlarges the weld nugget, and significantly extends electrode lifespan. Notably, the raised rings enhance oxide layer penetration, improving current flow while reducing pitting corrosion. This innovative electrode design provides a new technical approach for mitigating electrode wear and lays a theoretical and practical foundation for broader application of aluminum alloy RSW in the automotive industry. The study is published in the Journal of Materials Processing Tech. under the title “Investigating the Influence of Electrode Surface Morphology on Aluminum Alloy Resistance Spot Welding.”

Raised-Ring Electrode Design Breakthrough

Facing the electrode wear challenge, the team approached the problem from electrode morphology. They machined 0 to 4 concentric raised rings on the end face of conventional spherical electrodes, forming a novel Newton Ring electrode (NTR).

Figure 1. Surface morphology and cross-sectional profile of the electrodes used in the experiment

SEM Analysis Reveals Crystal Defects and Performance Enhancement

How do raised rings influence welding performance? Using the CIQTEK FESEM SEM5000 and EBSD techniques, the team characterized the microstructure of weld nuggets in detail. They found that the raised rings pierce the aluminum oxide layer during welding, optimizing current distribution, influencing heat input, and promoting nugget growth. More importantly, the mechanical interaction between raised rings and molten metal significantly increases the density of crystal defects, such as geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) and low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs), within the weld nugget. Optimal performance was observed with three raised rings (NTR3).

Figure 2. EBSD analysis of weld nugget microstructure for NTR0, NTR1, NTR2, NTR3, and NTR4 electrodes

Prolonged Electrode Life

Beyond improving weld quality, the raised-ring electrodes demonstrate outstanding anti-abrasion performance. After a 10-weld lifespan test, the difference in electrode wear was striking.

Figure 3. Electrode lifespan for NTR0, NTR1, NTR2, NTR3, and NTR4 electrodes

Quantitative Analysis

The NTR0 electrode without raised rings exhibited a wear area of 13.49 million μm².

In comparison, NTR3 and NTR4 electrodes with three and four raised rings reduced wear areas to 4.35 million μm² and 3.98 million μm², representing reductions of 67.8% and 70.5%, respectively.

The raised-ring structure concentrates current along the rings, guiding wear along predetermined paths and preventing random pit expansion, effectively doubling electrode lifespan.

Figure 4. Pitting area of NTR0, NTR1, NTR2, NTR3, and NTR4 electrodes after 5 and 10 welds: (a) 5th weld, (b) 10th weld、

Microanalysis of Electrode Pitting

Further SEM analysis of NTR0 electrodes after welding until adhesion to the aluminum sheet revealed a 10 μm-thick intermetallic compound (IMC) layer between the electrode and the sheet. This transition layer consists of two copper-containing sublayers:

Near the electrode: thinner sublayer with 29.2 at.% Cu (Al4Cu9 phase).

Near the aluminum alloy: thicker sublayer with 15.5 at.% Cu (AlCu2 phase).

Figure 5. Composition analysis of pitting between the electrode and the sheet

This study demonstrates that innovative electrode morphology can effectively regulate current distribution, improving weld quality while extending electrode life. CIQTEK FESEM microscope provided indispensable visualization and quantitative evidence of microscopic mechanisms, including crystal defect evolution and electrode pitting, highlighting the critical role of advanced characterization in advancing welding research and industrial applications.

In the previous year, CIQTEK made significant progress in its European expansion, with Italy standing out as one of the most successful and dynamic markets.

CIQTEK SEM Installations Boost Presence in Italy

To date, nearly ten CIQTEK SEM microscopes have been delivered and installed across four regions in Italy, covering a full range of models from field-emission SEMs and advanced tungsten filament SEMs to entry-level SEM solutions. This milestone highlights CIQTEK’s comprehensive product capability and the growing trust of Italian users in its technology and service.

CIQTEK FESEM SEM5000 Installed at a Research Institute in Italy

CIQTEK Tungsten Filament SEM3200 Installed at a Research Institute in Italy

Italian Researchers Praise CIQTEK SEM Performance

Although CIQTEK is a relatively new brand to many European users, its electron microscopes have quickly earned recognition for their outstanding performance, reliability, and value. Italian customers have given highly positive feedback, highlighting excellent imaging quality, stable system operation, user-friendly software, and strong cost efficiency. They also praised the company’s technical support team for its prompt responses and professional service throughout the installation and training.

Media System Lab: CIQTEK’s Trusted Italian Partner

This achievement would not have been possible without the dedication of CIQTEK’s Italian partner, Media System Lab S.r.l. The team has provided professional and fully Italian-language support, ensuring smooth communication and helping local users fully understand the performance and advantages of CIQTEK electron microscopes.

Media System Lab team performing pre-installation testing for the SEMs at its factory in Rovereto

Founded in 1998, Media System Lab S.r.l. is a leading Italian partner in electron microscopy, providing comprehensive solutions from compact tabletop SEMs to high-performance FESEM, TEM, and dual-beam FIB systems. With two offices totaling over 1,000 m², including a 400 m² demo laboratory in Rovereto, the team excels in pre-installation assessments, system integration, on-site training, maintenance, and supply of accessories and consumables. Through their MS Academy Lab platform and hands-on sessions, Media System Lab delivers professional training to microscopy experts, ensuring Italian and European laboratories fully realize the performance and advantages of advanced microscopy solutions.

Advancing CIQTEK’s Strategic Expansion in Europe

With increasing installations and positive feedback from users, Italy has become a key market that demonstrates CIQTEK’s ability to meet the high expectations of European researchers and industries. Beyond Italy, CIQTEK now has authorized distributors, demo centers, and delivered instruments in the UK, France, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Romania, and other European countries. The company plans to continue expanding its local service and support network, bringing advanced electron microscopy solutions to more laboratories across the continent and strengthening its presence throughout Europe.

In the commercial vehicle sector, safe operation and efficient management are the foundation of sustainable business growth. Whether it's ensuring cargo security in long-haul freight, protecting drivers and passengers in passenger transport, or maintaining operational standards for engineering vehicles, a smart monitoring solution tailored to real-world needs is essential.

With years of expertise in the in-vehicle video industry, HUABAO has developed customized AI dashcams specifically designed for commercial vehicle applications. These intelligent devices are transforming fleet management by delivering scenario-based solutions that help businesses reduce costs, improve efficiency, and enhance safety across the entire operational chain.

Our AI dashcams are precisely adapted to meet the unique demands of different commercial vehicle scenarios. For long-haul freight, the system monitors driver behavior in real time—detecting fatigue, distraction, and other risky actions—and provides instant alerts to prevent accidents. At the same time, it records the full transportation process, helping to prevent theft or damage and providing solid evidence in case of disputes.

In public transport and passenger fleet operations, the AI dashcam enables accurate passenger flow analysis and monitors interactions between drivers and passengers. Integrated with a remote fleet management platform, this data supports smarter scheduling, improves route efficiency, and enhances overall passenger safety.

For special-purpose vehicles such as engineering and sanitation trucks, our customized multi-angle AI dashcams eliminate blind spots, monitor operational procedures, and record vehicle conditions in real time. This ensures compliance with safety standards and supports timely maintenance, reducing downtime and extending vehicle life.

As a technology-driven company based in Shenzhen, we understand that every commercial vehicle operation is unique. That’s why we go beyond standardized products to offer full-cycle, high-level customization—from hardware configuration to software functionality. Whether it’s adjusting the installation method to suit specific vehicle models, developing exclusive data modules for fleet management, or customizing branding and UI interfaces, our professional team ensures your exact needs are met.

In addition, we offer mature OEM services, providing end-to-end support from product development and prototyping to mass production. With strict quality control and reliable delivery schedules, we help our partners bring customized solutions to market quickly and efficiently.

Guided by the principle of “scenario adaptation and customer empowerment,” HUABAO has delivered tailored AI dashcam solutions to enterprises in logistics, passenger transport, engineering, and more. By combining deep industry knowledge with flexible service models, we help businesses build safer, smarter, and more efficient operations.

Looking ahead, we remain committed to technological innovation and will continue to work closely with commercial vehicle enterprises to develop more targeted in-vehicle video solutions. Together, we aim to build a safer, more efficient, and intelligent operational ecosystem—powered by AI dashcam technology.

To learn more about our customized solutions or explore OEM cooperation opportunities, please contact us today. Let HUABAO AI dashcams safeguard your fleet and drive your business forward.

[Nuremberg, Germany] – [November 25-27, 2025]​ – WAIN Electric is thrilled to announce its participation at SPS 2025. We cordially invite industry professionals, partners, and clients to visit us at our booth from November 25-27, 2025, in Nuremberg, Germany.

• Event:​ SPS 2025
• Dates:​ November 25-27, 2025
• Location:​ Nuremberg Exhibition Centre, Germany
• Our Booth:​ Hall 10.0, Booth 320
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