For adventure enthusiasts who demand both durability and functionality, the HT36 smartwatch delivers exceptional performance in any environment. Its robust construction features 6H hardened glass and 3ATM waterproof rating, making it equally suited for mountain trails and urban exploration. The brilliant 2.01-inch HD display remains perfectly visible even in direct sunlight, while the innovative rotating crown provides satisfying tactile feedback for effortless navigation through menus and features.

What truly sets the HT36 apart is its exceptional positioning capabilities. Supporting six global satellite systems including GPS, GLONASS, and Beidou, it maintains accurate tracking even in challenging urban canyons or remote wilderness areas. The built-in environmental sensors provide crucial real-time data including altitude, barometric pressure, and compass direction - essential information for any serious outdoor adventure. Beyond its navigation prowess, the watch offers comprehensive health monitoring with 24/7 heart rate tracking, blood oxygen measurement, and sleep quality analysis.

The massive 540mAh battery ensures weeks of typical usage between charges, while practical features like wireless calling, music control, and weather updates keep you connected wherever your adventures take you. With over 100 sports modes and a built-in flashlight for nighttime safety, the HT36 proves that you don't need to sacrifice functionality for durability in a outdoor smartwatch.

How Does Rogers TMM10 PCB Material Enhance Thermal and Electrical Performance?

In the demanding world of high-frequency electronics, the choice of printed circuit board (PCB) substrate is paramount to the success of any application. Rogers Corporation's TMM10  microwave materials stand out as a superior solution, engineered to meet the rigorous requirements of modern RF and microwave circuits. This ceramic thermoset polymer composite is specifically designed for high plated-through-hole (PTH) reliability in both stripline and microstrip configurations, offering a unique blend of electrical and mechanical properties that bridge the gap between traditional materials.

Superior Material Properties for Enhanced Performance

The TMM10 substrate is celebrated for its exceptional electrical characteristics, which directly contribute to more efficient and compact circuit designs. It boasts a stable dielectric constant (Dk) of 9.20 with a tight tolerance of±0.23. This high and consistent Dk is a significant advantage for designers aiming to minimize the physical size of components like antennas and filters, enabling substantial miniaturization without compromising performance.

A critical factor in high-frequency applications is signal integrity, which is safeguarded by TMM10's remarkably low dissipation factor of 0.0022 at 10 GHz. This minimal loss tangent ensures that signal loss is drastically reduced, leading to enhanced efficiency and superior performance in power-sensitive applications. Furthermore, the thermal coefficient of dielectric constant (-38 ppm/°K) guarantees outstanding electrical stability across a wide range of operating temperatures, making it reliable in environments subject to thermal fluctuations.

TheTMM10 PCBmaterial’s mechanical and thermal properties are equally impressive. With a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of 21 ppm/°K on the X and Y axes and 20 ppm/°K on the Z-axis, TMM10 closely matches the CTE of copper. This compatibility is crucial for producing highly reliable plated through-holes, preventing barrel cracking and ensuring long-term structural integrity. Additionally, its thermal conductivity of 0.76 W/m/K is approximately double that of standard PTFE/ceramic laminates, significantly improving heat dissipation and helping to manage thermal loads in power-amplifier and other heat-sensitive applications. The robust mechanical properties also effectively resist creep and cold flow, ensuring dimensional stability and durability under stress.

Advanced PCB Manufacturing Capabilities with TMM10

At Bicheng, we leverage our advanced manufacturing expertise to fully harness the potential of Rogers TMM10 laminates. We provide comprehensive PCB solutions tailored to diverse and complex project requirements. Our capabilities include the production of:

1)Layer Variations: Single-layer, double-layer, multilayer, and hybrid PCB constructions, offering design flexibility for various circuit complexities.

2)Copper Weights: Standard options of 1oz (35µm) and 2oz (70µm) to cater to different current-carrying and thermal management needs.

3)Board Thickness: A wide range from a slender 15mil (0.381mm) to a substantial 500mil (12.70mm), supporting everything from ultra-compact to extremely robust and durable designs.

4)Panel Size: Capable of handling large formats up to 400mm x 500mm, ideal for sizable projects and efficient panelization.

5)Aesthetics and Finish: A selection of solder mask colors (green, black, blue, yellow, red) and a variety of surface finishes including Bare Copper, HASL, ENIG, Immersion Silver, Immersion Tin, ENEPIG, Pure Gold, and OSP to meet both technical and aesthetic specifications.

Diverse Application Spectrum

The exceptional properties of TMM10 PCBs make them the material of choice for a wide array of high-performance applications. They are commonly deployed in:

1)Chip Testers: Where signal integrity and thermal stability are critical for accurate testing.

2)Dielectric Polarizers and Patch Antennas: Benefiting from the stable high Dk for compact, efficient design.

3)Satellite Communication Systems and GPS Antennas: Where low signal loss and reliability under varying environmental conditions are non-negotiable.

Conclusion

Rogers TMM10 represents a paradigm shift in high-frequency PCB materials, combining the best attributes of ceramics and polymers without their inherent limitations. For engineers designing next-generation RF and microwave products, TMM10 offers a path to miniaturization, enhanced reliability, and superior electrical performance. As a trusted PCB supplier, Bicheng possesses the technical proficiency to transform this advanced material into high-quality, reliable circuit boards that meet your most challenging application demands.

Contact us today to discuss how we can support your specific project needs with our TMM10 high frequency PCB capabilities.

What Should You Know About Manufacturing PCBs with Rogers DiClad 880 Material?

In the demanding world of high-frequency electronics, the choice of printed circuit board (PCB) substrate is a critical determinant of performance, reliability, and signal integrity. For engineers and designers working on cutting-edge RF and microwave applications, Rogers Corporation’s DiClad 880 high frequency laminate stands out as a superior PTFE-based composite solution. This blog delves into the unique properties, manufacturing capabilities, and diverse applications of DiClad 880, illustrating why it is an ideal material for your most challenging projects.

An Overview of DiClad 880 High Frequency Laminates

Rogers DiClad 880 PCB is engineered as a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite system reinforced with woven fiberglass. What distinguishes it from other laminates is its strategic material composition: by incorporating fewer plies of glass weave and a higher proportion of PTFE, DiClad 880 PCB achieves a reduced dielectric profile even at comparable thickness levels. This design yields two major electrical benefits—a consistently low dielectric constant (Dk) and exceptionally minimal signal loss, making it especially suitable for high-precision, high-speed circuits.

Typical applications include filters, couplers, and low-noise amplifiers where uniform Dk is essential. Moreover, its low-loss characteristics make it highly desirable in power dividers and combiners, among other RF components.

Key Features and Performance Advantages

One of the most defining attributes of DiClad 880 is its stable dielectric constant, available at either 2.17 or 2.20. This low Dk is paired with an ultra-low dissipation factor (loss tangent) of just 0.0009 at 10 GHz—a remarkable achievement for a PTFE-glass hybrid laminate, ensuring high signal fidelity and minimal energy waste in operation.

Beyond electrical performance, DiClad 880 offers outstanding mechanical stability. The woven fiberglass reinforcement significantly improves dimensional stability, outperforming non-woven alternatives with similar Dk values. Its thermal expansion characteristics are well controlled, with a Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) of 25 ppm/°C in the X-axis and 34 ppm/°C in the Y-axis.

The material also excels in environmental resilience. It absorbs only 0.02% moisture, safeguarding electrical properties in humid conditions, and complies with the UL 94-V0 flammability rating, enhancing end-product safety. Furthermore, DiClad 880 demonstrates exceptional outgassing performance, with a Total Mass Loss of 0.01% and Collected Volatiles of 0.01%, with no water vapor recovery—making it a reliable candidate for aerospace and other high-reliability fields.

It is important, however, to consider certain limitations during the design phase. DiClad 880 has a thermal conductivity of 0.25 W/m/K and a thermal coefficient of dielectric constant (TCDk) of -160 ppm/°C. These values necessitate thoughtful thermal management strategies in high-power or wide-temperature-range applications.

PCB Manufacturing Capabilities with DiClad 880

Our manufacturing facilities are fully equipped to produce high-performance PCBs using DiClad 880 laminates, catering to both prototype and volume production needs.

1)Layer Count: We support single-sided, double-sided, multilayer, and hybrid PCB structures.

2)Copper Weights: Standard options include 1 oz (35 µm) and 2 oz (70 µm) to balance current carrying capacity and fine-line etching requirements.

3)Dielectric Thickness: Available in 20 mil (0.508 mm), 30 mil (0.762 mm), and 60 mil (1.524 mm) to meet impedance control and mechanical design specs.

4)Board Dimensions: We can process panels up to 400 mm x 500 mm.

5)Solder Mask: Multiple color options are offered including green, black, blue, yellow, and red for both identification and aesthetic purposes.

6)Surface Finishes: A broad selection is available such as ENIG (Immersion Gold), HASL, Immersion Silver, Immersion Tin, OSP, ENEPIG, bare copper, and gold plating—each providing distinct advantages for solderability, durability, and performance.

Applications of DiClad 880 High Frequency PCBs

Thanks to its outstanding high-frequency characteristics,Rogers DiClad 880 is widely employed across industries where signal loss and stability are non-negotiable. In addition to the uses mentioned earlier, it is often specified in military radar feed networks, commercial phased array antenna systems, low-loss base station antennas, and digital radio antennas. Its blend of electrical excellence and mechanical robustness makes it a future-proof selection for next-generation communication and sensing technologies.

Conclusion

Rogers DiClad 880 high frequency PCBs provide an optimal combination of low dielectric loss, stable mechanical properties, and excellent reliability—enabling advanced electronic systems to perform with precision. Whether you are developing RF communication modules, aerospace radar, or advanced antenna systems, DiClad 800 delivers the performance and quality your application demands.

As an experienced PCB supplier, we offer end-to-end manufacturing support for DiClad 880-based circuits, ensuring that your designs are realized with the highest standards of accuracy and repeatability.

Why is RF-35 a Top-Tier, Cost-Effective Material for Commercial Microwave and RF Designs?

In the rapidly advancing world of wireless technology, the selection of the right printed circuit board material is paramount to the success of any high-frequency application. For engineers and designers seeking an optimal blend of performance, reliability, and cost-efficiency, Taconic's RF-35 High Frequency PCB laminate emerges as a premier solution. This blog post delves into the superior properties, extensive manufacturing capabilities, and diverse applications of RF-35, underscoring why it is a standout material for your next project.

An Introduction to RF-35 High Frequency PCB Laminate

Taconic RF-35 is a high-performance, organic-ceramic laminate belonging to Taconic's esteemed ORCER series. This material is engineered with a woven glass reinforcement system, synergizing the company's profound expertise in advanced ceramic filler technology with a specialized coated PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) fiberglass substrate. A key differentiator of RF-35 is its utilization of 7628-style fiberglass, which provides an exceptional balance of mechanical stability and electrical performance, offering outstanding value. It is notably available in consistent thickness increments of 10 mils (0.254 mm), facilitating straightforward design and integration.

This Taconic RF-35 substrate is specifically engineered to serve as an ideal substrate for cost-sensitive, high-volume commercial microwave and radio frequency (RF) products. It boasts excellent peel strength, significantly surpassing standard epoxy-based materials. This is critical for both half-ounce and 1-ounce copper weights, ensuring robust connections that can withstand rework and repair processes without failure. Furthermore, RF-35 exhibits an ultra-low moisture absorption rate and a remarkably low dissipation factor (Df). These characteristics are vital for maintaining stable electrical performance, as they effectively minimize undesirable phase shift and signal loss across a broad frequency spectrum.

Detailed Analysis of Key Parameters

The exceptional performance of RF-35 is quantitatively validated through rigorous testing per IPC and ASTM standards, providing designers with reliable data for their simulations and calculations.

1)Dielectric Properties: At a test frequency of 1.9 GHz (IPC-TM 650 2.5.5), RF-35 demonstrates a stable dielectric constant (Dk) of 3.50 and an extremely low dissipation factor of 0.0018. This combination of low Dk and minimal signal loss is precisely what makes it ideal for high-frequency circuits where preserving signal integrity is absolutely crucial.

2)Moisture Resistance: As per IPC-TM 650 2.6.2.1 testing on a 0.060-inch thick sample, the material's moisture absorption is a mere 0.02%. This extremely low value ensures that the board's electrical properties remain consistent even in varying environmental conditions, preventing performance degradation due to humidity.

3)Mechanical Strength: The peel strength, a direct measure of the bond between the copper and the laminate, is exceptional. For½oz. copper, it exceeds 8.0 lbs/linear inch, and for 1 oz. copper, it surpasses 10.0 lbs/linear inch (IPC-TM 650 2.4.8). This high strength prevents delamination and ensures reliability.

4)Electrical and Thermal Reliability: The dielectric breakdown strength, tested per IPC-TM 650 2.5.6, is rated at 41 kV, indicating high voltage resistance. Its coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is measured by ASTM D 3386 (TMA), with x/y CTE values of 19 and 24 ppm/°C and a z-axis CTE of 64 ppm/°C, providing good dimensional stability during thermal cycling. Finally, it carries a flammability rating of UL-94 V-0, meeting critical safety standards.

PCB Manufacturing Capabilities with RF-35

We offer comprehensive and versatile fabrication services tailored to fully leverage the advantages of RF-35 PCB laminate, accommodating a wide array of project specifications.

1)Board Construction: We can manufacture single-layer, double-layer, complex multilayer, and hybrid multilayer PCBs, providing design flexibility for various application complexities.

2)Copper and Laminate Thickness: Standard copper weights include 1oz (35µm) and 2oz (70µm). We provide a selection of laminate thicknesses including 5 mil (0.127 mm), 10 mil (0.254 mm), 20 mil (0.508 mm), 30 mil (0.762 mm), and 60 mil (1.524 mm).

3)Panel Size: We support PCB sizes up to 400 mm x 500 mm, offered either as individual boards or as multi-size arrays within a single panel, maximizing production efficiency.

4)Aesthetics and Finish: A variety of solder mask colors are available, including green, black, blue, yellow, and red. We also provide a comprehensive range of surface finishes such as Bare Copper, HASL, ENIG, Immersion Silver, Immersion Tin, ENEPIG, Pure Gold, and OSP to meet specific assembly and performance needs.

Primary Applications

The superior electrical and mechanical properties of RF-35 high frequency PCB make it exceptionally well-suited for a multitude of critical RF components. It demonstrates strong performance in power amplifiers, filters, couplers, and a wide array of other passive components essential for modern communication systems, satellite technology, and radar applications.

Conclusion

For OEMs and designers navigating the challenges of high-frequency electronics, RF-35 PCB represents a proven, high-value material solution. Its certified electrical parameters, outstanding reliability, and our extensive manufacturing support make it a top contender for your most demanding commercial RF and microwave projects. Contact us today to discuss how we can partner to bring your innovative designs to life with RF-35 High Frequency PCBs.

Why is TC600 High Frequency PCB Ideal for Demanding RF and Microwave Applications?

In the rapidly advancing world of electronics, the demand for high-frequency printed circuit boards (PCBs) that offer exceptional reliability and performance is higher than ever. For engineers and designers working on cutting-edge RF and microwave applications, the choice of substrate material is a critical decision that directly impacts the success of a project. Rogers Corporation’s TC600 high-frequency laminate emerges as a superior solution, specifically engineered to meet the rigorous demands of modern wireless technology. This PTFE-based composite material, reinforced with woven fiberglass and optimized with ceramic fillers, establishes a new benchmark for high-frequency PCB substrates, delivering a combination of electrical and thermal performance that is truly best-in-class.

Introduction

Rogers TC600 is a high-performance polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite material engineered for advanced printed circuit boards. It incorporates woven fiberglass and specialized ceramic fillers, delivering exceptional thermal and electrical properties. Recognized for its best-in-class thermal conductivity, this substrate significantly reduces dielectric and insertion losses—making it ideal for high-frequency applications such as amplifiers and antennas.

The Rogers TC600 PCB material’s superior thermal management capabilities support higher power densities, reduce the risk of localized overheating, and enhance overall device longevity. Its efficient heat dissipation works seamlessly with thermal management techniques like embedded coins, heat sinks, and thermal vias, offering designers greater flexibility and reliability in thermal planning.

Features

TC600 laminates provide a combination of electrical and mechanical properties tailored for demanding RF and microwave applications:

1)High Dielectric Constant (Dk): 

With a Dk of 6.15, the material supports circuit miniaturization, enabling more compact and efficient designs.

2)Low Dissipation Factor:

At 10 GHz, the dissipation factor is as low as 0.002, ensuring minimal signal attenuation and improved performance in high-frequency circuits.

3)Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity:

The Z-axis thermal conductivity reaches 1.1 W/m·K, while the X and Y axes offer 1.4 W/m·K. This directional efficiency promotes effective heat spread and dissipation.

4)Temperature Stability:

The dielectric constant remains consistent across a broad temperature spectrum (-40°C to 150°C) thanks to a TCDk of -75 ppm/°C. This stability is essential for power amplifiers and antennas to maintain gain and bandwidth under varying operational conditions.

5)Controlled Thermal Expansion:

A Z-direction CTE of 35 ppm/°C ensures mechanical reliability of plated through-holes, reducing the risk of failure in thermal cycling.

PCB Manufacturing Capabilities

We provide end-to-end PCB fabrication services tailored to high-frequency designs using Rogers TC600 material:

1)Layer Construction: We produce double-sided, multilayer, and hybrid PCBs to meet diverse design requirements.

2)Copper Options: Standard copper weights include 1 oz (35 µm) and 2 oz (70 µm), with customization available for specific current-carrying or thermal needs.

3)Dielectric Thickness: Available in 10 mil (0.254 mm), 20 mil (0.508 mm), 30 mil (0.762 mm), and 60 mil (1.524 mm) to support impedance control and signal integrity.

4)Board Dimensions: We accommodate panels up to 400 mm x 500 mm, suitable for both prototyping and volume production.

5)Solder Mask Colors: Options include green, black, blue, yellow, red, and others for aesthetic and functional preferences.

6)Surface Finishes: Choose from Bare Copper, HASL, ENIG, Immersion Silver, Immersion Tin, ENEPIG, OSP, and Pure Gold Plating to optimize solderability and surface durability.

Applications

TC600 high-frequency PCBs are widely used in RF and microwave systems, including:

• Power amplifiers, filters, and directional couplers
• Avionics systems such as microwave combiners and power dividers
• Compact and high-gain antennas
• Digital audio broadcasting (DAB) and satellite radio antennas
• GPS and handheld RFID reader antennas

In conclusion, Rogers TC600 High Frequency PCBs represent a powerful synergy of material science and manufacturing expertise. By offering unmatched thermal management, minimal signal loss, and exceptional reliability, they provide a critical advantage for the most demanding RF and microwave designs.

Why Should You Choose RO4835 Laminates for Your Next RF or Microwave PCB Project?

In the world of high-frequency printed circuit boards (PCBs), material selection plays a critical role in determining the overall performance, reliability, and longevity of the final product. Traditional thermoset laminate materials, such as FR-4, are prone to oxidation—especially under elevated temperatures. This oxidation can lead to undesirable increases in the dielectric constant (Dk) and dissipation factor (Df), ultimately compromising signal integrity and circuit performance.

Rogers Corporation’s RO4835 high-frequency laminate is specifically engineered to overcome these limitations. With superior resistance to oxidation and exceptional stability under thermal stress, Rogers RO4835 offers an ideal substrate solution for high-frequency and RF applications. What’s more, it delivers electrical and mechanical properties comparable to those of the widely used RO4350B laminates, but with enhanced cost-efficiency and compatibility with standard FR-4 manufacturing processes.

Key Features of RO4835 High Frequency Laminates

One of the standout attributes of Rogers 4835 PCB is its compliance with RoHS and UL 94 V-0 standards, making it both environmentally friendly and flame-retardant. This makes it suitable for use in demanding industries where safety and regulatory compliance are non-negotiable.

Another significant advantage is the availability of Rogers' proprietary LoPro™Reverse treated copper foil. This specialized foil treatment minimizes insertion loss, making RO4835 PCB an excellent choice for applications where signal integrity and low loss are paramount.

Electrical consistency is another area where RO4835 excels. It boasts a stable dielectric constant of 3.48 with very tight tolerances, ensuring predictable performance across various frequencies—a crucial factor in RF and microwave circuit design. Additionally, its dissipation factor is as low as 0.0037 at 10 GHz, meaning minimal signal loss even in high-frequency scenarios.

From a mechanical standpoint, RO4835 exhibits outstanding dimensional stability due to its low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). With CTE values of 10 ppm/°C in the X direction, 12 ppm/°C in the Y direction, and 31 ppm/°C in the Z direction, this material significantly reduces the risk of delamination or plated-through-hole failure under thermal cycling.

PCB Manufacturing Capabilities with RO4835

We support a wide range of PCB configurations using RO4835 substrates, including single-sided, double-sided, multi-layer, and hybrid constructions. This allows for design flexibility whether you are working on a simple RF switch or a complex phased-array radar system.

To accommodate diverse electrical requirements, we offer standard copper weights of 1oz (35µm) and 2oz (70µm). Dielectric thickness is also highly adaptable: for ED copper, thickness ranges from 6.6 mil (0.168 mm) to 60 mil (1.524 mm); for LoPro copper, it ranges from 4 mil (0.102 mm) to 60.7 mil (1.542 mm).

We can produce PCBs with maximum dimensions of 400mm x 500mm, suitable for both prototyping and volume production. A variety of solder mask colors—including green, black, blue, yellow, and red—are available to meet aesthetic or branding preferences.

Surface finish options are equally comprehensive, featuring bare copper, HASL (Hot Air Solder Leveling), immersion gold (ENIG), immersion silver, immersion tin, OSP (Organic Solderability Preservative), and pure gold plating. This ensures compatibility with virtually any assembly process and end-use environment.

Typical Applications

RO4835 high-frequency PCBs are ideally suited for a variety of advanced electronic applications, including:

• Automotive radar and sensor systems
• Point-to-point microwave communication links
• High-power amplifiers
• Phased-array radar systems
• General RF components and subsystems

Whether you are developing cutting-edge automotive safety systems, communication infrastructure, or defense electronics, RO4835 provides a reliable, high-performance foundation for your most demanding circuits.

The 10th EFEPR Summer School, held at the University of Manchester, welcomed over 130 young researchers and established experts from across Europe for an inspiring week of lectures, tutorials, and hands-on sessions. CIQTEK, together with our UK partner SciMed, was proud to be part of this vibrant event dedicated to advancing Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) science.

At our booth, we presented the CIQTEK EPR200M benchtop spectrometer, a compact yet powerful platform designed for teaching labs, research groups, and emerging facilities. Many participants were excited to see how the instrument combines high performance with accessibility, sparking conversations about applications ranging from free radical studies to transition metal analysis.

But science wasn’t the only highlight. To bring extra warmth to the event, we introduced our CIQTEK panda mascot—a plush companion that quickly became a favorite among attendees. The panda added a touch of fun, helping students relax and encouraging more open and engaging discussions. It was a great reminder that science can be both rigorous and joyful.

Throughout the week, our team enjoyed deep discussions on topics such as variable temperature experiments, modernization of legacy EPR systems, and the role of benchtop instruments in expanding access to EPR education. These exchanges reinforced our commitment to supporting both established laboratories and the next generation of researchers.

A special thank you goes to our distributor SciMed for their strong support and collaboration throughout the event. Their expertise and enthusiasm helped create an inviting space where participants could explore new ideas and connect with the latest in EPR instrumentation.

We leave Manchester energized by the passion of the EFEPR community and look forward to continuing our contributions to global EPR education and research.

From August 24–29, 2025, CIQTEK participated in the Microscopy Conference 2025 (MC2025) held in Karlsruhe, Germany, one of Europe’s largest and most influential events in the field of electron microscopy. The conference attracted leading scientists, instrument developers, and industrial users, creating a dynamic platform for academic exchange and technological collaboration.

As part of the program, CIQTEK delivered an Exhibitor Presentation titled:
“Unlocking the Power of High-Speed Scanning Electron Microscopy — without Compromising Superb Imaging Resolution at Low kV.”

The presentation highlighted CIQTEK’s approach to enabling high-throughput SEM imaging while maintaining exceptional resolution at low accelerating voltages—a balance critical for applications in materials science, semiconductor failure analysis, and life sciences research. The talk generated considerable interest among attendees and sparked lively discussions about how advanced SEM systems can accelerate both fundamental research and industrial applications.

Beyond the presentation, the CIQTEK team actively engaged with researchers and industry professionals, sharing insights into the company’s broader electron microscopy portfolio and exploring opportunities for collaboration. These exchanges not only deepened awareness of CIQTEK’s technological strengths but also strengthened connections within the global microscopy community.

CIQTEK’s successful participation in MC2025 reflects its ongoing mission to push the boundaries of EM imaging technology and to provide researchers worldwide with powerful, accessible, and innovative solutions. Looking ahead, the company will continue to expand international partnerships and contribute to the advancement of microscopy-driven discovery.

In today’s fast-paced world, a smartwatch is more than just a timepiece—it’s a personal assistant, fitness companion, and style statement all in one. The North Edge HT30 redefines what a smartwatch can be, combining cutting-edge technology with premium craftsmanship. The large HD round display delivers a stunning visual experience, making notifications, fitness data, and apps easy to read at a glance. Housed in a lightweight yet durable titanium alloy case, the HT30 offers both elegance and resilience, suitable for every lifestyle.

Performance is at the heart of the HT30. Equipped with a 600mAh battery and a precision motion algorithm, it ensures uninterrupted tracking of health and fitness activities. The watch supports over 100 professional sports modes and features a built-in health monitoring chip, allowing you to track heart rate, sleep, and other vital stats with ease.

For outdoor enthusiasts, the HT30 is a game-changer. With IP68 waterproofing, a compass, floodlight, SOS, and purple light identification lamp, you can explore confidently day or night, whether hiking, sailing, or swimming. Customization is another highlight, as users can choose from a variety of dial themes and strap colors, ensuring the watch matches personal style and occasions.

Whether you’re seeking adventure, fitness tracking, or simply a smart companion that keeps you connected, the North Edge HT30 delivers. With its powerful features and premium design, it’s more than a smartwatch—it’s a lifestyle upgrade.

In many communication systems, RF signals need to travel tens of kilometers. At lower frequencies coaxial cables are still usable, but once you move into the multi-GHz range, loss and interference quickly become unacceptable.

RFoF (Radio over Fiber) addresses this by directly modulating RF signals onto an optical carrier, sending them through fiber, and recovering them at the remote end. This combines the low loss and wide bandwidth of optical fiber with the simplicity of bypassing additional frequency conversions.

Frequency Range and Link Characteristics

A typical 6 GHz RFoF module covers 5 MHz – 6000 MHz. End-to-end link gain is about 22 dB, with flatness within ±2.5 dB across the full band. Over a narrower 36 MHz span, flatness can be as good as ±0.25 dB. This matters for multi-carrier or broadband signals, since flatter response reduces equalization overhead.

Dynamic Range and Noise

Two key metrics for any RFoF link are the noise figure (NF) and the spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR).

• NF is around 16 dB, which allows weak signals to remain usable after transport.
• SFDR is about 104 dB·Hz^(2/3), indicating how well the link can handle strong and weak signals together without distortion.

For example, in a 10 MHz bandwidth, this translates to an effective dynamic range on the order of 70–80 dB—sufficient for most fronthaul and satellite reception scenarios.

Environmental and Interface Considerations

These modules typically operate from –20 °C to +75 °C, with storage limits from –40 °C to +85 °C. Common interfaces include FC/APC optical connectors, with selectable wavelengths at 1310 nm or 1550 nm. Power is usually 5 V at ~150 mA, keeping power consumption low and integration straightforward.

Application Scenarios

• 5G / LTE fronthaul: linking base stations and remote RF units with low latency and high bandwidth;
• Satellite ground stations: carrying high-frequency signals from antenna sites to control rooms;
• CATV / HFC networks: replacing coax over long spans to reduce attenuation;
• Research facilities: radio telescopes and other low-noise signal transport needs.

Conclusion

RFoF is not a universal solution, but when frequencies extend into the GHz range and distances span kilometers, it offers clear advantages: wide bandwidth, low loss, and strong dynamic range. Understanding link budget and parameter trade-offs is key to building reliable systems.

Full specifications can be found in the technical datasheet.